Geothermal energy: Hot water or steam extracted from reservoirs beneath the Earth's surface that can be used for heat pumps, water heating, or electricity generation. The term may also mean the use of near-constant underground temperatures by ground-source heat pumps to provide heating and cooling. Synonyms include ground-source heating.
NYSERDA's website has more information on geothermal heat pumps for all types of buildings, including residential and commercial.
The Department of Energy's website also has information on Geothermal Heat Pumps for residential homes.
ENERGY STAR geothermal heat pumps are over 45% more energy efficient than conventional options. A federal tax credit is available to homeowners who install an ENERGY STAR geothermal heat pump.
Nick Hamilton-Honey
Natural Resources & Sustainable Energy Educator and North Country Energy Navigator Volunteer Coordinator
nh327@cornell.edu
315-379-9192 ext 230
Last updated February 26, 2026